BISBEE WIRE #114/primary vote/'round town//house sales/ tax collections/epstein files /manly balls in the service/screwworm in the cattle/Word
- 3 days ago
- 19 min read
editor: fred miller July 17,2023 #114/July 2026 |
Hello, And so the morning pinballing continues; Iran to Maine to county supes to AI problems to Bisbee murder to Somali treatment to creeping prez dementia (not a native plant) to soccer to appeals court to journalist subpoenas to desert desecration to drone strikes to golf to Mexican Honeysuckles to to to.... Another in a long line of executive sessions was held at the last council meeting, for discussion and consultation with the City’s Attorney regarding matters related to the performance, duties, responsibilities, and conduct of a member of the City Council and to receive legal advice regarding legal and procedural issues. There was no mention of the council person. As with many executive sessions, we may never find out what was discussed. The 'results' of the session are not on the coming meeting agenda. We will likely never know whether who was bringing the matter to the council and whether there was a serious issue or a hand slapping, or even a vendetta. Secrecy is one way to conduct the public's business. That way there are no vexing questions, no challenging of assertions, no explanations, no need to admit mistakes, and no discussions which might be embarrassing. Of course I think the opposite, openess is a far better way to conduct the business of the city. In fact the the mayor seems to like those executive sessions. He interprets them in the broadest possible manner rather than the narrow intent of the regulation. The consequence is that the public is shut out of decision making. Although the mayor made the point that residents can ask questions if they sign up to respond to a specific agenda item, which is true, how can any real dialogue/discussion take place when agendas are often 10-18 items long. Not much. And especially when agenda items of acute public interest are placed near the end of the council agenda, as they often are. Beating a dead horse, as it were. It'll either change soon or it won't. If there is an event you know about, send me a short blurb and I'll publicize it. I've been putting out the Wire once or a couple times a month. Gimme some lead time. Thanks to my proof reader and life partner Anita Fox, we just acknowledged 19 years of marriage, although we forgot the actual day. fred NOTE! The Wire emails are often long and may be "clipped". Click on "View entire message" or similar wording at the end of these emails so you don't miss any pearls of wisdom, bon mots, wisecracks, bum steers, jibes, oneliners, drollery, wordplay and, of course, useful information.
 History is Watching/Vote mural by Corie Mattie (often known as LA Hope Dealer) in partnership with the Artemizia Foundation. Located on the backside of the Barco building adjacent to the big parking lot. ...............PRIMARY CAMPAIGN............ VOTE If you have early voted, you can check the status of your early ballot with BallotTrax HERE or with the Sec.of State's office HERE. If you haven't yet early voted, please do so soon. It is called early for a reason. You can either mail your ballot or drop it at the drop box on Melody Lane county office. The ballot box is only open Mon-Fri 8am-5pm. It is locked at all other times. The ballot box will be closed at 5 pm on July 20, the day before in-person voting. You can drop your early ballot on Tuesday July 21st also, but wtf, there is a reason it is called early voting. If you vote in person on Tuesday July 21 the supervisor's room at the county complex at 1415 Melody Lane will be open from 6 am-7 pm. If you missed my totally biased selection last Wire special edition, here they are again for Bisbee: ◉ Mayor BURKERT AMY ◉ Ward 1 Write in COOPER RAPHAEL ◉ Ward 2 PRIESTLY TERRY ◉ Ward 3 vote Trish or Anna or none For all others on the ballots go to bisbeewire.com Go here for a video with Corporation Commission candidates And finally, there is a huge push by outside interests to re-elect Consuelo Hernandez and newbie running partner Maritza Higuera. Don't fall for it. Those 6"x11" cards-I've gotten more than 10 in the mail the past month or so-have mostly been paid for by two different groups; U.S. Term Limits and Arizona Values Fund. AVF was just activated in June and salted with $700k from airb&b, and another $100k from realtors and corporations.US Term Limits is one of the forces agitating for a constitutional convention, something that Hernandez and her sister Alma have voted for. RESULTS We will know some of the results of the Mayor, Ward 1, Ward 2 elections probably by about 8:15 pm, Tuesday July 21. The initial tally of votes will be posted here, scroll all the way down the page for Bisbee races. Since these are early ballots and the majority of voters used earlies, it is possible the races will be decided with the first release. Mayor and Ward 2 candidates needs 50% +1 to win outright, anything less will be a runoff decided in November. Ward 1 is a bit different. There is one write-in candidate, Cooper Raphael, who needs 37 voter to write in her name to win. She is unopposed. In the 2024 primary about 1650 votes were cast. The mayor's election has generated a good deal of interest over the past few months. Two main candidates that have emerged, Amy Burkert and Charles Flanagan. Of the remaining two candidates, Carl Stetter-personable, passionate about Bisbee, not knowledgeable about how city government operates-has an opportunity to siphon some votes from both main candidates. Jon Waniack ,the fourth candidate, skipped two of the four forums, showed up 15 minutes late for the last forum with no explanation, has very little understanding of city government, and was vague to the point of why bother? Amy Burkert's campaign has engaged many people in a wide variety of settings. Charles Flanagan has relied on, for lack of a better word, 'establishment' people. Besides the age and energy differences, there are the specifics (Amy-enumerated ways to help businesses, outlined different avenues of communication with city hall, several ways to improve housing, and more) and lack of specifics (Charles-He's all about aligning plans, pursuing resources, working with people, seeking out stuff, advancing initiatives, and more). You can see these differences clearly illustrated in these two interviews with KOLD TV Friday. Go here for Amy, and here for Charles. The Herald Review did two interviews each with both candidates also, check their website, they may be paywalled. I have supported Amy from the getgo. I hope she wins outright.
...............AROUND TOWN................ SALES TAX INCREASE EFFECTIVE JULY 1 The county jail tax of .5% is now being collected effective July 1. for a long time. That effectively raises the Bisbee tax rate to 10.1%. ++++++++++ DMO ON THE AGENDA It's been 5 weeks since the RFP closed and no word. So I emailed Ashlee Coronado, our city manager, what was happening and this was her response.
"Proposals were due on June 4, 2026, and the City received a total of 10 sealed bids from firms interested in providing tourism marketing and destination promotion services for Bisbee. Following the submission deadline, I assembled a six-member review committee to independently evaluate and score each proposal based on the criteria established in the RFP. Once all evaluation sheets were submitted, the committee meet to discuss the results and compare scores. Through that process, the committee narrowed the field from ten firms down to the top four proposers. The committee agreed to send out follow-up questions related to budget allocation, utilization of local creative talent, and the use of artificial intelligence in marketing and creative development. These questions were sent to the four highest-ranked firms, and responses have now been received and distributed to the committee for review. The review committee is scheduled to reconvene on Tuesday, July 14, 2026, to discuss the responses and determine whether any additional questions, interviews, or follow-up discussions are necessary. At that time, the committee will also determine whether sufficient information has been gathered to make a recommendation and move the leading proposal(s) forward for Council consideration. The process remains ongoing, and the goal is to ensure that the City conducts a thorough evaluation before bringing a recommendation to Mayor and Council for consideration."
And sure enough it is on the agenda for Tuesday July 21, council meeting. 4. Presentation and Discussion and Possible Approval of the Tourism Marketing Services Agreement between the City of Bisbee and Gordley Group Inc. Background for this item is here The contract calls for:
Hopefully in coming discussions it will be fleshed out who from the city will be overseeing their work, how the Gordly group will be reporting, when and how a tourism committee will be formed. Stay tuned for this long running ++++++++++ WEST BOUND MAIN ST. CLOSURE FOR THREE MONTHS, SUBWAY DETOUR The sidewalk replacement (recreating the glass sidewalk) at the restoration museum has begun. Work will affect the one westbound lane in front of the museum so that one block section will be closed from July 13 to October 1. Traffic routed through Subway st for the duration of the project. The project is funded by a grant. ++++++++++ ST. ELMO'S MAKES THE LIST! Whew! We dodged an army bullet. For an instant it looked like St. Elmo's would not make the Do Not Patronize/Off Limits list issued to soldiers at the fort. But they survived and once again soldiers cannot step foot in legendary dive bar. Green Farmacy dispensary also made the Bisbee list even though they have been out of business for well over three years. Ummmm, not sure I'd want the army pr people directing missiles if I was a grunt..'Great shot sir! except they moved a year ago.' Fort Huachuca maintains an off-limits list of local businesses where soldiers assigned to the installation can face disciplinary action if they visit. Six businesses are currently on the list — four in Sierra Vista and the two in Bisbee. On the list: Sophie's Smoke Shop (Sierra Vista), Your CBD Store (Sierra Vista), Trulieve (Sierra Vista), and Good2Go Shuttle (Sierra Vista).++++++++++ TAX BREAKS FOR HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN OB AND WARREN I've been doing a bit of research about the tax status of our house. This is what I have found out. There is a list of properties in Warren that was submitted to DC for the application. SHPO has the list however it is not online and not searchable. You will have to contact them to find out if your property is on the list. For the State Historical Preservation Office email (the best way to contact them) go here For the Historic Property Tax Program explanation and application go here . Fill out the form, along with a couple of photos of your house, and send it to the county assessor-not SHPO. If your house has been remodeled, added on to, or more the historic character may have been lost and you will not be eligible. If the house is not your primary living address, if you rent or air b&b it, you are not eligible .++++++++++ SPROUTS IN SV ON HOLD The planned Sprouts market in Sierra Vista at Hwy 92 & Buffalo Soldiers Trail has been put on hold. Apparently it relates to water issues of the Castle & Cooke surrounding properties. ++++++++++ THEY DID IT AGAIN! CQ LIBRARY SELECTED FOR SMITHSONIAN PROGRAMThe Copper Queen Library announced that they have been selected as one of only 16 libraries across the United States to participate in the inaugural Smithsonian Rural Library Cohort, a new national program designed to bring Smithsonian educational programming, expertise, and community-engagement opportunities directly to rural libraries and the communities they serve. More info will be released in the coming months. ..............EVENTS............... August 7 - 9... Bisbee Pirate Weekend https://www.bisbeepirateweekend.com/ Sept. 5...Bisbee Bloomer Garden Tour Sept 19...TWIBFest 3 City Park Oct. 17...Bisbee Stair Climb November 13 – 15...Sidepony 13 https://linktr.ee/sideponyfest ...............BISBEE ECONOMY............ One of the salient issues of the Burkert campaign, the only person to address it, is that Bisbee is on an unsustainable financial path. In the last 10 years, Bisbee's population has declined by 6.9% while General Fund expenditures have grown by 66%. The city is spending nearly twice as much money to serve fewer people. And with next year’s budget projecting a $331,000 use of reserves, the trajectory is not improving. Go to amyburkertformayor.com to find out more. 📊 Bisbee's 10-Year Budget & Population Data 🔍 Key Takeaways
From the FY 26/27 budget page 114. This is what a deficit looks like. 24/25 bump likely the effect of the new City Hall being built. The deficit is estimated to decrease this year. <><><><> FISCAL YEAR SALES TAX REVENUE Below are sales tax figures for the past four fiscal years. Please note that half of FY 23/24 & all of 24/25 are partially 'inflated' numbers (for comparison purposes with other years) because of the addition of a .5% county jail tax. That tax was removed in FY25/26. It is now been reinstated. This is not the whole revenue picture. In addition to sales tax revenue there are grants, funds, interest and other sources of revenue that are counted in the final budget. But the bottom line is that of declining revenue and increasing costs. ****From January 1 2024 to July 31 2025 the county tax was raised .5% to fund a new jail. making the total Bisbee tax rate 10.05% during FY 24/25. August 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026, the jail tax was suspended and the Bisbee tax rate was 9.6%. for FY25/26. The new .5% jail tax is effective July 1, 2026 once again bumping the total Bisbee sales tax to 10.1% for FY26/27 <><><> SALES TAX COLLECTIONS DOWN MAY/JUNE (the reports are for actual sales two months prior) The past two months of reporting have been odd. That sometimes occurs when business owners file late, or pay a bunch of back sales tax in one month, or events span the last of the month and first of the next. When any of those happens their filing info get pushed into the next month's reporting and it may inflate the numbers. However the ADOR report only indicates the month they get the dough, so there is no way of knowing. Mayor Budge indicated that a large bump in bed tax in the April report was from a local hotel paying back taxes. He did not name the hotel. Although June categories were better than May, both months lagged behind the April report (for the shortened month of February) which indicated the best tax collection month ever. For June Retail sales were the sole bright spot in the report. Lodging was better than May but the bed tax was $21,000 below April. Sales were significantly lower. Two months do not indicate a trend, that said, it is disturbing that tax collections dropped significantly since the reporting was for actual sales that occurred during the apex of the tourist season. Unfortunately there are few actual statistics to tell us what is going on. I believe that we are seeing that the past three years of incompetent, unfocused, and inexperienced under-marketing of the city, neglected oversight of marketing efforts, a horrible redo of discoverbisbee.com, the bungled process of getting a new DMO/marketing organizaton on board, raiding the bed tax fund for ill-conceived projects,when combined with larger state/national issues of inflation, rising gas and goods prices, are resulting in failure to compete with other tourism communities. That whole combo of issues are beginning to show in decreased visitation to Bisbee resulting in lower tax collections. Our local problems are not unsolvable. They can be rectified when there is a change of leadership in the city and a utilization of the incredible knowledge that our residents and businesses posses. If no change, we will continue to have problems. Of course my analysis may be wrong and everything is hunky-dory. <><><><> HOUSE SALES The housing market continues strong with double digit sales the past several months. The June sales are notable because 7 out of 10 houses will be used as secondary residences and 7 out of 10 sales were cash. I hope in the next month or so, to look at the data from the first several months of the year to see if there is a discernible pattern. Address sell $$ seller buyer DoM Loan type Use 1589 Hwy 80 $68,000 Bisbee Portland 57 cash secondary 31 Old Douglas Rd $111,115 Bisbee Vail 80 conventional primary 29 Hillside Ave $130,000 Tucson Vail 11 cash secondary 302 Pirrung $145,000 Portland Mesa 91 cash primary 6 Cochise Tr. $221,057 Alaska Elgin 42 cash secondary 17G Laundry Hill $335,000 Colo Phoenix 106 conventional primary 530 C de Nevada $340,000 Bisbee Wisc. 48 cash secondary 404 Roberts $380,000 NH Chandler 28 new loan secondary 1016 West blvd $420,000 Tucson Bisbee 17 cash secondary 508 Tombstone $465,000 G. Valley Tucson 16 cash secondary ++++++++++ ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION BIMA LLC Maryiln Siebold 2145 Arizona St. <><><> HoBo Murder House LLC Renee Harper 453 Santa Cruz <><><> Highway 191, LLC John & Dahlia Rolfe 9 Moon Canyon <><><> Copper City Auto, LLC Timothy Caruso 5260 W. Branding Iron Tr. <><><> Harmonic Connections Stephanie Peavey, Michael Matranga 522 Camino de Nevada <><><> Sundazed, LLC Pascal Chavez 430 Crestview PL. <><><> Adobe OBC, LLC Todd Conklin 822 Pace C. <><><> Nancy's Crib OBC, LLC Todd Conklin 822 Pace C <><><> Gunnell Creative, LLC P.O. Box 772 Lori Gunnell ________________ TRUSTEE SALES Ballpark Brewing 97 Center July 24, 4 pm courtyard by the Superior Court Bldg. If you find the Wire useful, enjoyable, I would appreciate a donation to offset the cost of getting some of this information to you. Please use the QR code for Zelle with my email bisbeewire@gmail.com or send a check made out to fred miller, 39 Hazzard, 85603. Gratitude, thank you.  ..............COCHISE COUNTY................ SUPES VOTE TO 'INVESTIGATE' AG MAYES FOR USING NUISANCE LAW Frank Antenori wanted the attorney general, Kris Mayes, investigated for her use of a nuisance law in two cases in Cochise County. Riverview Dairy when threatened by Mayes with a lawsuit settled for an $11 million fund to help homeowners whose wells have gone dry and took 2000 acres out of Alfalfa production and the land to go fallow. The other Antenori he was vexed about was Mayes had talks with an alumininum recyling plant slated for Benson. The company pulled out of the deal when a large number of Benson residents protested the siting of the plant and recalled three city council people who voted for the plant. Antenori, showed inordinate concern for the companies and little regard for his constituents who opposed both the dairy and the proposed aluminum recyling plant. However the three commissioners vote 3-0 to ask the county attorney to investigate Mayes use of Arizona's public nuisance law as well as any 'political' interference. ++++++++++ OPT OUT ZONING IN COUNTY GETS A LONG LOOK Cochise County is one of the few counties in the country where, for a small fee, a homeowner can get an opt out permit that allow alternative building materials for structure. Go here for an article on home building in our rural county with a minimum of restrictions. ...............THE STATE................ CORP COMMISSIONERS GUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS Ah screw it, we don't need no focking standards! Go here for the article. ++++++++++ VOUCHERS ON THE BALLOT The Protect Education Act that provides for much better oversight of the voucher program will be on the ballot Backers turned in 421,000 signatures to have more than enough to qualify for the ballot. There will be legal challenges to the PEA. Additionally the repugnican legislators have a poison pill proposition on the Nov. ballot that would negate the PEA. Much more to come. <><><> MAYES WINS ON VOUCHER REFORM After a two year legal battle, Kris Mayes, AZ AG, won some concessions towards reigning in the voucher program. Terms of a settlement with the conservative Goldwater Institute resulted in parents needing to select a subject area from a dropdown menu and sign an attestation that the materials will be used for educational purposes to get reimbursed (Mayes wanted parents to have to tie materials to a specific curriculum.) Other reforms are that users will have to select qualified subject areas (such as math, history, or art) on the state's payment platform. Parents must legally attest that the items will be strictly used for the qualified ESA student. The new system will be fully implemented by the Department of Education, through its vendor ClassWallet, no later than the second quarter of FY2027. ++++++++++ TEN STANKY LEGE PROPOSITIONS Five of the ten propositions, many changing the AZ constitution, are being challenged in court. Only the repubs, who are in the majority in the lege, want those on the Nov. ballot. All ten of them suck. Attacks on voting rights, unions, trans kids, vouchers, and more. Numbers have not yet been assigned, will have more in the coming months. A focking waste taxpayer money! More to come. ...............SHORTS................ THE CHICKEN... A Biden rule that would have required big chicken processors to stop manipulating the prices they pay to small farmers is being overturned by the Trump administration, after “Big Roosters” donated record $5 million to Trump inaugural fund. In addition, several of the major chicken producers donated big money to the trump campaign. Go here for the article. AND THE EGG... Hickman's Egg Ranch, Arizona's largest egg producer, has agreed to a $1 million civil penalty and a 3.25 million egg donation under a proposed federal and multi-state settlement over complaints that it conspired to keep prices artificially high over the past several years. Arizona AG Kris Mayes who joined the multi-state suit said, "...we know that some price increases, like those affecting eggs, were the result of illegal price-fixing by major egg producers,” she said. “This settlement holds these companies accountable, ends their illegal conduct, and helps Arizonans who need it most.” Go here for the article. ++++++++++ HIDING THE EPSTEIN FILES GET MORE DIFFICULT The Trump administration and his nominee for Attorney General Todd Blanche are still in violation of the bipartisan Epstein Files Transparency Act which requires the full release of the Epstein files. What is Trump so desperate to hide? Journalist Katie Phang recently won a lawsuit requiring the administration to cough up redacted files. Also, journalist Allison Gill sued the FBI and forced them to reveal that they have videos that may have been used to train workers to redact mentions of Trump from the files. ++++++++++ HODGE-PODGE HOUSING BILL GOES INTO EFFECT A bipartisan housing bill passed even though Trump refused to sign it. It’s amazing how little Trump cares about what’s happening in people’s lives, especially since housing costs are at an all-time high. From 1965 to 1999, a house cost around 4 times a typical family yearly income, and now it costs more than 7 times. That’s worse than at the height of the housing market bubble. This bill helps...a little. ++++++++++ THE COST OF WAR... ...and it's not over. Despite severe underestimations by the defense department's Hegseth, ($30 billion) independent analysis has determined the direct costs of the war to date to be: $103 billion ($103,000,000,000). Although futile, a comparison of spending priorities would look like this: 900,000 new nurses 7,000,000 kids childcare for a year 11,000,000 people's heath care You can see where this is going. <><><> HEGSETH TESTING FOR MANLY BALLS Hegseth has determined that the service men lack...testosterone. So ignoring the science that show risks of shrunken testes (embarrassment in the shower), erectile dysfunction (embarrassment in the bedroom) and enlarged breasts (popularity in the shower) from taking testosterone, all servicemen 30 and over will now be tested to determine whether they have enough of the the manly man hormone. The benefits of the testing, which will cost millions of dollars annually, is minimal according to researchers, like the Endocrine Society, who have actually studied testosterone use. At this time it is unclear whether servicewomen will be tested for estrogen or testosterone, although ya gotta wonder whether Hegseth getting rid of those women in power positions in the services has anything to do with their hormonal levels. ++++++++++ WORM SCREWS DOGE Screwworm, a pest that kills cattle and ravaged the U.S. herd in the 1960s, is now in Texas again. That’s one of the results of DOGE, which cut funding for programs to prevent screwworm from approaching the U.S. border by helping central American countries deal with it. This is a direct result of the attack on science by the rapidly aging trump and voight. 118,000 scientists have been laid off, fired, or retired, about 40% of the entire science workforce in the federal gov. ++++++++++ THE ONION Some of their reels are pretty alright. Go here .............. WORD............... Word Odyssey By: Britt Hanson NICE TOGA! (Elections and Related Words) The primary elections are upon us here in sunny Arizona, which augurs well for a discussion of the origins of some familiar words that surround elections. The word election, which first shows up in English in the 13th Century, was picked up from French, which derived it from Latin, in which “ex” means “out”, and “ligere”, meaning “select.” So, when you elect, you literally “pick out” one from the bunch. And what you pick out, of course, is a candidate, the origins of which are steeped in irony. It’s from a Latin word meaning clothed in white: Roman politicians campaigned in their very best, whitest togas. The same Latin root shows up in incandescent, meaning white and glowing, and candid, because speaking candidly is figuratively white and pure. Think of that the next time you hear a candidate give a stump speech—or imagine the candidate in a toga instead. We’re holding elections because we are a democracy. Since we trace the idea of democracy to ancient Greece, it’s not surprising that the word itself traces back to the Greeks. In Greek, “demos” translates to “people”, as in the common people—that’s why we also see “demos” in demography, the study of human populations. The “cracy” in democracy is from “kratos”, meaning rule or power. So add “kratos” and “demos”, and you have power to the people—the core concept of a democracy, as well as a fine slogan from the 60’s. To win a race, a candidate needs votes, which in English used to mean “to vow”, coming from Latin “votum” meaning to pledge. Candidates especially expect votes from their own political party. An obvious question is whether this kind of party is related to a party like a kegger or an excuse to slug down too many cocktails. The answer is yes, they have the same root. Both come from Latin “partir”, meaning “to divide”, as when Moses parted the Red Sea. A political party is one side in a divided political contest. Party was applied to a social gathering probably because, back when it first came into use in the 1700’s, it represented a social division—you didn’t invite just anyone to a party. We vote our ballots at polls. That comes from the Middle English word “polle”, which meant the top of the head, which led to its use in head counts as a way of counting votes. Today we do this at polling places, or polls for short. The term “poll tax”, meaning a tax based on the number of people—a head count—has the same origin. We also have pollsters, who do a kind of head count to see how many people favor one thing or the other. We no longer count heads, but instead count ballots. The first four letters of ballot spell ball. That’s not a coincidence. Ballot is from Italian “ballota”, which is “ball” plus “otta”, a diminutive—so, “ballota” is “small ball”. The connection with ballot is that the ancient Greeks voted by dropping a white ball into a container when they favored a candidate, and a black ball when they did not. That’s how the term black ball got its start, as in denying someone membership in a social club. As a term for voting, “ballota” likely came to us from Venice, which had a long-established republic before it became popular in the rest of Europe. One office that we vote for is senator. Have you ever noticed how many senators are gray-haired old men? Well, consider that the word senator goes back to the Latin “senex” for “old man”, which the Romans used as the root of “senatus” meaning a council of elders. Our word senile shares the same root. Coincidence? I think not. The candidates with the most votes on election day will likely attend an inauguration ceremony where they will be formally sworn into office with a ritualistic oath. The inauguration ritual is named after the Roman religious official called an “augur”, a soothsayer who counseled politicians by divining the omens. It was critical for an emperor to be inducted into office with auspicious omens. Augurs would test the omens by releasing birds, study their flight, and from this foretell events—hence, inaugurate became associated with ceremonial induction into office. This is all about politics, of course, which is the art and science of governing. The title of Aristotle’s book on that very subject is “Ta Politika”. The root of politics is “polites” the Greek word for citizen, which in turn is derived from “polis” meaning “city”—and, not incidentally, has nothing in common with the origins of polite. |
Comments